hostname Name of computer uname -a Shows operating system info env Shows current environment variables, including user & path df -h D_isk F_ree space uptime Server UpTime stats & operation
egrep 'ad[0-9]' /var/run/dmesg.boot List hard drives egrep 'cd[0-9]' /var/run/dmesg.boot List CDROM drives pwd Present Working Directory w W_ho is logged on & server info who WHO is logged on and IP address last LAST users logged on and statuses ac ACcounting of total time logged on top TOP processes currently executing listed per CPU time ps aux ps ax set netstat trafshow cd Change the Directory that you are working in man Show the MANual pages for a program tail -300 maillog Show the TAILend of the 'maillog' file -- last 300 lines kill -9 PID KILLs a specific process # (PID), non-catchable, non-ignorable (-9) shutdown -r now ShutDown the computer, then reboot, immediately id vmstat -w 5 vmstat boot more Display a file, showing a page at a time. Show MORE by hitting 'space'. head tail ls -lt LiSt (-l with L_ots of info) (-t sort by time) ls -laTFWi LisT all info FIND (starting in root dir) "nameoffile" or anything begining with that find / -name "nameoffile*" FIND files modified within last day: find / -mtime -1 -print FIND files modified over 5 days ago: find / -mtime +5 -print users Shows which users are logged on using shell / command line Backs up a file, preserving date/time stamp: mv hosts.allow hosts.allow-2005-Apr-16 cp hosts.allow-2005-Apr-16 hosts.allow Compress a log file, then mail as an attachment gzip -c access_log.processed -v > access_log.processed.gz; ls -lt uuencode access_log.processed.gz DOMAIN.com.log.gz | mail -s "DOMAIN.com Log File" SomeEmail@xyz.com Or inline: mail -s "Some Text File" email@domain.com < file.log ls -laTFWiR LiSt files with all info R = recurse subdirs. Takes 3 hours! chown userowner somedirectory Change the owner to 'userowner' of directory 'somedirectory' /usr/local/psa/qmail/bin/qmail-qstat Show brief statistics about qmail /usr/local/psa/qmail/bin/qmail-qread Show the summary info for EACH email in qmail queue pkg_info List the packages installed pkg_add Add a package ftp ftp.gnu.org connects to ftp site ftp.gnu.org 'get' gets a file 'cd' changes a directory Ctrl-C Cancel operation Ctrl-S PauSe operation Alt-F1 Alternate to the 1st terminal window when using 'shell' Alt-F2 Alternate to the 2nd terminal window when using 'shell'
อ้างอิง : http://www.us-webmasters.com/FreeBSD/Unix-FreeBSD-Commands-Cheat-Sheet/Commands.txt